Internal-combustion engine



G. J. CARTER AND L. G. McFARLANE.

INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE.

APPHCATION FILED OCT. 22, I918.

Patented Sept. 12, 1922.

3 S HEETSSHEET 1.

G. J. CARTER AND L. G. McFA'RLANE.

INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE.

APPHCATION FILED OCT- 22. 1918.

. 1 ,429,01 6. Patentedfiept- 12,1922.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

$12 Q 2% J r G. J. CARTER AND L. G. M FARLANE.

INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE.

APPllCATION FILED OCT. 22, 19m.

Patented Sept. 12, 1922;

3 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

Patented Sept. 12, 1922.

UNITED STATES I 1,429,01 PATENT orricn.

GEORGE J. CARTER, 0F BBOTKBORO'UGFI: AND LAUCHLAN GRANT MCFARLANE, OF

LIVER/POOL, ENGLAND.

rn'rnnnaL-coraens'rron ENGINE.

Application filed October 22, 1918 Serial No. 259,251.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that we, GEORGE JOHN Can- TER, a subject of the King of @rreat Britain, residing in Broinborough, in the county of Chester, England, and LAUCI-ILAN GRANT McFAnLANE, a subject of the King of Great Britain, residing in Liverpool, in the county of Lancaster, lfinglanchhave invented certain new and useful Improvements in In ternal-Combustion Engines, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to internal combustion engines of that class in which each unit comprises a pair of open-ended cylinders,

each provided with two oppositely moving pistons, the upper piston of the one cylinder and the lower piston of the other being in each case respectively connected by crossed rods through a cross-head and coni'iecting rod to the one crank of a pair of cranks; and the invention has reference particularly to the design of open type vertical marine engines of this class specially suitable for the mercantile service. In such engines the cross-heads may be partly or wholly enclosed by light portable plates which can be removed'whilst the engine is running so as to afford easy access to the working parts, and the object of the inventionis to provide such as engine of cheap and simple construction adapted to, facilitate manufacture and erection and in which, as in the case of marine steam engines, access may be readily obtained. to the working parts for inspection, adjustment and repair. I

According to the present invention the centre lines of pairs of cylinders comprising a unit are spaced as closely together as possible, so that the two cranks which are approximately 180 apart may be separated only by the width of the intervening crank web, so that the crossed rods connecting the respective upper pistons to the cross-heads in relation to which they are laterally displaced may have a minimum of'obliquity; each pair of cylinders is carried on two pairs of columns the insides of which form the main guides for the cross-heads, and as the centre lines of the pairs of columns and the cylinders coincide, the lateral space between the adjacent columns is comparatively short. Instead therefore of utilizing this space, as is usual in this class of engine, for the guides which take the side thrusts due to the horizontal components of the forces transmitted by the oblique rods; these guides are formed on the fore-and-aft oppositely disposed'sides of the pans of frames; the pair of main cross-heads having, on their corresponding remote sides, extensions which form slipper-blocks for these guides. This construction permits of the upper ends of the main connecting rods being of forkedconfiguration and yet provides suficient space between the adjacent columns to permit free access to and inspection of the inner bearings of the forked ends and the cross-head pins, this construction is also found to possess considerable advantages in the manufacders being shown partly in medial section,

and the cross-heads being shown partly in section on the line I, I, of Fig. 3.

I 1g. 2 is an end elevation.

Fig.3 is av corresponding plan,to a larger scale in section on the line III, III, of Fig. l, and

Fig.4; is a fragmentary plan view of a modification.

The directions in which the sections are viewed are indicated by the arrows placed ad acent to the line denoting the plane of the section.

A is the main cylinder casting which forms the outer water acket and which carries the cylinder liners a this casting is made integral with or is bolted to an entab lature a which is carried by the two pairs of columns B.

The lower pistons C are connected directly to the respective main crossheads D, which are in alignment with them, by the rods E and the upper pistons C are con-- nected by the rodsE to the upper crossheads F which in turn are connected by pairs of crossed rods G, G, and G G, to the respective cross-heads D. The cross-heads F may each be fitted with a piston f of rectangular configuration fitting a chamber H of corresponding section which is adapted to form the air supply pump; the chambers H are located on opposite sides of the upper Y G, e.

cross-head guide h which takes the lateral thrusts due to the tensile stresses normally transmitted by the crossed'rods, and the sides 71? of the chambers formauxiliary guides to takethe thrusts should the crossedtrodsbe for any reason subjected to compression.

' a areclearance gaps for the rods Gr, G,

The main cross-heads their respective cranks J by connecting rods K having forked ends 70 pivoted on-crosshead pins d carried by the cross-heads; The

crank shaft is carried in main bearings m formed on the lower frame M which forms the engine bed-plate bywhich the vbottoms of-the columns B are carried.

The cross-heads D '(see Fig; 3) are fitted "with slipper plates (Z which are secured by studs or'bolts d and may be lined with white ,metal d, and theseslide'on the guide-plates b secure'd to the inside faces of the columns B by the studs 6 which plates take the thrust of the main connecting rods. 4, p

, Extensions (Z are formed :on the'outer sides of the cross-heads-D these may be" rigidly connected to the cross-head body by I the box-like framed and webs (Z these ex tensions d? which form slipper plates may be lined .withwhite metal (Z and they slide on the guide plates 6 secured to the side faces of the columns B by thestuds 6?. The slipper plates (Z and guide plates 6 take the horizontal components of the oblique forces v t transmitted by the crossed rods Gr, G" when sion.

thelatter are, as in normal working in ten- In order to' take the oppositely acting horivzontal components of the voblique forces transmitted'by' the crossed rods should the latter be in compression auxiliary guide lates b secured by studs 11 to the'columns may be provided to guide the'outer sur-, I faces of the slipper plates (Z which surfaces may be lined withwhite metal cl.

In the modification" shown in Fig. 4: the

slipper plates (i are, instead of being made integral with the cross-head D, detachably secured; to the latter by the studs (5 a con struction whichlpermits the guide surfaces being examined and adjusted without removal of the cross-head.

As stated the arrangement of thefguides b .,and b on the outsides of the columns B i leavesithefspace between thecolumns unob- -'structed andp'ermits free accessto both sides ofthe forked ends of the connecting rods.

In asimilar constructionthe whitemetal 1 linings may be dispensed with, the slipper plates being made of a suitable, metal D are connected to f Having now particularly ascertained the nature of our sa1d nrvention,

adapted to work on the guide plates; and in some cases the latter be omitted,;the

faces and sides of'th'e'columns being pro vided with surfaces wh ch may be machined to form guides. I v I An engine would usuallycomprise several of the unit sections described, according to the power required, and these would be tied togetherto form asingle braced structure; and the general arrangement and the "details described are well adapted for therepeltition manufacture of standard parts;

The details of construction in regard to the exhaust ports a? and thefuelports' a and the'valvescontrolling them; the trunk I plstons 0 and the mode ofattachrnent of the rods E and 'E to the pistons'may be of any usual and suitable construction. The work ing parts such as the cross-heads D and connecting rods K'maybe-enclosedby detachable enclosure plates bolted to the main structure. v 1 a V a 7 described and and in what manner the same is to be per-o formed, we declare that what we cla1m'is:

In an engine of the class' describethTa pair of cross heads arranged side byside, operating means therefor, slipper plates eX- tending from the outer sides of the cross heads, and two pair of columns between which the cross head'sslide,-the columns'of each-pair having outer guide surfaces for said slipper plates, the inner sidesofeach 1 pair of columns being spaced far enough. apart to permit access to be had to-the cross heads and their operating means 1 2. In an engine 0f -the cl'ass'describe d, a

the inner sides ofeach' pair ofcolumns' be ing spaced far enough apart to'permit access to the cross heads and their operating, means, and operating means for the cross heads applying power thereto at an angle to the line of movement of the cross heads and 1 transverse to the guide means and slipper plates, substantially as described. r

In witness whereof we have-set our hands in presence of two witnesses. 1

GEOJJ. CARTER.

lVitnesses: t

J. E. LLOYD BARNES, JosEPH E. HIRsT.

LAUOHLA'N GRANTMC 4 ARLli E. 

